MigrantoTurkmen Diaspora
365.8K Turkmens live abroad — 5% of the population of Turkmenistan
Turkmen diaspora by country
The top 3 countries are home to 89% of the diaspora
| Country | Emigrants |
|---|---|
| Turkey | 119955 |
| Kazakhstan | 117117 |
| Russia | 87585 |
| Ukraine | 23286 |
| Belarus | 5319 |
| Israel | 2996 |
| Iran | 1992 |
| China | 1169 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 952 |
| Uzbekistan | 751 |
| Azerbaijan | 747 |
| Armenia | 723 |
| Latvia | 508 |
| Tajikistan | 447 |
| Bulgaria | 436 |
| Estonia | 338 |
| Libya | 265 |
| Lithuania | 218 |
| Moldova | 210 |
| Georgia | 209 |
| Australia | 153 |
| Greece | 123 |
| Norway | 97 |
| Hungary | 52 |
| Denmark | 41 |
| Finland | 40 |
| Luxembourg | 22 |
| Slovakia | 14 |
| Slovenia | 12 |
| Cyprus | 8 |
| Iceland | 2 |
| Bolivia | 0 |
By region
34% of the diaspora lives in the Middle East
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Key facts
The Turkmen diaspora in numbers
The community in Turkey is growing fastest
The number of Turkmens living in Turkey has grown 435% since 2015, from 22.4K to 120K.
The share of the diaspora living in Europe has declined since 1990
85.1% of the diaspora lived in Europe in 1990, compared with 32.3% today.
The diaspora is spread more widely than in 1990
The largest country's share fell from 57% to 33%.
Most Turkmens abroad live in Turkey
33% of the diaspora lives in Turkey, while the next country accounts for just 32%.
Turkmen diaspora population over time
People living abroad, by year
| Year | Emigrants |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 293445 |
| 1995 | 303119 |
| 2000 | 320900 |
| 2005 | 335113 |
| 2010 | 342391 |
| 2015 | 317031 |
| 2020 | 384184 |
| 2024 | 365787 |
Largest communities over time
Turkmens living in the 5 largest countries, by year
| Year | Turkey | Kazakhstan | Russia | Ukraine | Belarus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2034 | 29949 | 165923 | 31201 | 6339 |
| 1995 | 2034 | 60063 | 173279 | 28347 | 6005 |
| 2000 | 2034 | 100768 | 174352 | 25840 | 5670 |
| 2005 | 7936 | 103963 | 180124 | 23610 | 5592 |
| 2010 | 14222 | 107312 | 179136 | 22527 | 5513 |
| 2015 | 22420 | 110768 | 143230 | 22602 | 5464 |
| 2020 | 116963 | 114337 | 112339 | 22979 | 5382 |
| 2024 | 119955 | 117117 | 87585 | 23286 | 5319 |
Fastest-changing communities
How the number of Turkmens in each country has changed since the selected year
Turkmens among immigrants in other countries
Where Turkmens make up the largest share of a country's immigrants
Data source: International Migrant Stock 2024 (UN DESA, Population Division)
Frequently asked questions
How many Turkmens live outside Turkmenistan?
Around 365.8K Turkmens live abroad, the world's #119 largest diaspora.
Where do most Turkmens abroad live?
Most Turkmens live in Turkey, Kazakhstan and Russia — these three countries account for about 89% of all Turkmens living abroad.
Which country has the largest Turkmen population outside Turkmenistan?
Turkey is home to the largest Turkmen community abroad — 120K people, about 33% of all Turkmens living abroad.
What share of the population of Turkmenistan lives abroad?
About 5% of the population of Turkmenistan lives abroad — that's 365.8K out of a total population of 7.5M.
Is the Turkmen diaspora growing?
Yes — over the past decade, the number of Turkmens living abroad has grown from 317K to 365.8K, about 15%.
Where does the data on the Turkmen diaspora come from?
The source is International Migrant Stock 2024 (UN DESA, Population Division). It counts people born in Turkmenistan who now live in other countries. Descendants of emigrants born abroad are not included.
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Living in Turkmenistan
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